| Weight vs. Strength Trade-offs | Lightweight materials improve efficiency but may compromise durability; requires careful material selection. |
| Mechanical/Electrical Failures | Retractable models face motor, sensor, and debris issues; reliable components are essential. |
| Corrosion & Durability Concerns | Environmental exposure can damage coatings; regular maintenance is necessary, especially for off-road use. |
| Vehicle Dynamics & Ground Clearance | Fixed steps may reduce clearance; retractable must not hinder aerodynamics or off-road capability. |
| Cost & Complexity | Advanced features raise costs and complexity; balance is needed between functionality and affordability. |